Abstract: This paper describes an algorithm of data transformation with a view to provide support for the decision maker. The aim of the paper is to develop a multi-purpose algorithm of building sets of optimal routes, taking into consideration most of the real factors that provoke risks. A simple and effective method of multicriteria optimization was proposed and developed.

Keywords: emergency situations, microsituations, road conditions, weather conditions, objects of high danger, multicriteria optimisation.

ACM Classification Keywords: H.1 Models and Principles – General

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OPTIMISATION OF ROUTE-PLANNING UNDER INDEFINITE RISK CONDITIONS

Kuzemin Oleksandr, Berezhnoy Sergey, Dayub Yasir

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p08.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to obtain simple rule for applying the Inheritance law for the case of (own) brothers/sisters by birth, and/or brothers/sisters uterine or through father. Using the mathematical induction a result is obtained for n (own) brothers/sisters by birth and m brothers/sisters uterine or through father.

Keywords: Inheritance law, mathematical induction.

ACM Classification Keywords: A.0 General Literature - Conference proceedings; I. Computing methodologies, I.2. Artificial Intelligence, I.2.1. Applications and expert systems, Subject descriptor: Law; H. Information systems, H4. Information systems application, H.4.2. Types of systems, Subject descriptor: Decision support;

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APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION FOR INHERITANCE LAW INERPRETATIONS

Assen Tochev, Vassil Guliashki

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p07.pdf

Abstract: The article discusses the problem of interaction of text spaces. When discussing the interaction of text spaces we assume that there exists a certain text model. The technique of semantic charting and the method of positional analysis allowed us to represent the successive-simultaneous semantic space of a text as its “semantic outline”. Owing to the method of the prosodic analysis of a text, aimed at modeling its prosodic outline, there appears the possibility to analyze the cooperative interactions of these relatively independent text spaces. The system-approached research program presented in the work is aimed at the study of the text as a polyontological, self-organizing spatiotemporal linguistic object. The multiaspect text analysis is grounded on a) the positional analysis method, b) quantitative methods which in there turn comprise such methods as c) correlation methods, which determine the text aspects’ level. By comparing and contrasting synchronically semantic connection intensity and mean sound intensity of the obtained data we received the results that allow us to be more specific in the discussion of the text structure as an evolving process. The search for explanatory tools of convergence, divergence, intersection, overlapping of various text structures is the key to understanding the complex material, ideal and social nature of text, its presentation as wholeness.

Keywords: system activity approach, modeling, positional analysis, semantic charts, semantic graph of a text.

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MODEL RESEARCH OF INTERACTION PROCESSES OF TEXT SPACES

Konstantin I. Belousov, Tatyana N. Galinskaya

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p06.pdf

Abstract: In the present article we will discuss the experience of creating software for the typological database “Languages of the World”. The DB “Languages of the World” is one of the biggest typological computer resources. We have done a review of the software connected with the DB “Languages of the World”. The following questions are discussed: compatibility of the versions, choice of the best structure of the data, development of the content in newer versions of the DB, creation of bilingual version, correct citing. The main lessons learnt from the project by the workgroup, are: Long development and creation of different versions of the product during its life cycle (over 20 years), providing its livability against the background of changing of operational systems and paradigms of programming makes us seriously think about a technology of providing for compatibility between different versions of the product, documenting of the code, preserving the key participants of the workgroup. The structure of the DB is a secondary moment in the relation to the content. In the end, choice of a certain structure of data presentation in a certain realization of the product is a question of comfortable programming. Besides, choice of the structure of the data is in many situation defined by the environment of data storage, dates and budget of the product. Planning a long life cycle of a linguistic resource for scientific purposes must foresee tools of fixation and archiving the inevitable changes of the content. Lack of such tools or links to the contents without invariant binding lowers the quality and the value of the received scientific results. The creation of the bilingual version of the product demanded thorough elaboration of the terminological part of the DB, as well as linkage of the languages to the international system of coding. Along with it, the specificity of Russian scientific linguistic school and a more detailed description of the languages of Eurasia in the DB “Languages of the World” did not allow us to withdraw these contradictions completely. The main scientific results received for the past 5 years with the use of the DB, are enumerated. The perspectives of its future development and use are studied.

Keywords: language typology, linguistic database

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THE EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPING SOFTWARE FOR TYPOLOGICAL DATABASES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DB “LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD”)

Vladimir Polyakov

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p05.pdf

Abstract: Half of the world’s languages are in danger of disappearing before the century ends. Efficient protection of these languages is difficult as their fate depends on multiple factors. The role played by the geographic situation of a language in its survival is still unclear. The following quantitative study focused on the relation between the ‘vitality’ of a minority language and the linguistic structure of the neighboring languages. A large sample of languages in Eurasia was considered. The languages were described based on a complex system of typological features. The spatial distribution of the language features in the sample area was measured by quantifying deviations from purely random configurations. Interactions between the linguistic features were revealed. The obtained interaction network permitted to define a location “quality” index for a language localization. This index was put in relation to corresponding vitality estimations from Unesco. A significant relation could be established between these two variables. The degree of endangerment of the minority languages studied seems effectively related to the linguistic structure of their neighboring languages. Beyond the particular context of endangered languages, the proposed approach constitutes a promising tool to gain more knowledge about the mechanisms that control the geographical distribution of linguistic features.

Keywords: Language competition, Complex systems, Interactions, Spatial distribution, Typological language features.

ACM Classification Keywords: I.m Miscellaneous; J.5 Arts and Humanities – Linguistics; H.2.8 Database Applications – Data mining, Scientific databases, Spatial databases and GIS.

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ANALYZING THE LOCALIZATION OF LANGUAGE FEATURES WITH COMPLEX SYSTEMS TOOLS AND PREDICTING LANGUAGE VITALITY

Samuel F. Omlin

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p04.pdf

Abstract The paper is dedicated to comparative analysis of phyogenetic algorithms used for linguistics tasks. At present there are a lot of phylogenetic algorithms; however, there is no unanimous opinion on which of them should be used. The paper suggests the model of language evolution trees and introduces a parameter to characterize the topology of trees. The comparison of the main algorithms is made on the trees of various topology. The paper displays that the UPGMA algorithm gives better results on the trees close to balanced ones. It provides the explanation for a number of contradictive results, described in published works. The problem of the input data choice and the relation between results and the number and type of parameters is under consideration. The results obtained are also ambiguous. Typological databases “Jazyki mira” and WALS as well as the method of computer modeling are used in the paper.

Keywords: language evolution, phylogenetic algorithms

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYLOGENIC ALGORITHMS

Valery Solovyev, Renat Faskhutdinov

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p03.pdf

Abstract: The majority of existing spam filtering techniques suffers from several serious disadvantages. Some of them provide many false positives. The others are suitable only for email filtering and may not be used in IM and social networks. Therefore content methods seem to be more efficient. One of them is based on signature retrieval. However it is not change resistant. There are enhancements (e.g. checksums) but they are extremely time and resource consuming. That is why the main objective of this research is to develop a transforming message detection method. To this end we have compared spam in various languages, namely English, French, Russian and Italian. For each language the number of examined messages including spam and notspam was about 1000. 135 quantitative features have been retrieved. Almost all these features do not depend on the language. They underlie the first step of the algorithm based on support vector machine. The next stage is to test the obtained results applying trigram approach. Proposed phishing detection technique is also based on SVM. Quantitative characteristics, message structure and key words are used as features. The obtaining results indicate the efficiency of the suggested approach.

Keywords: spam, corpus linguistics, phishing, filtering, text categorization.

ACM Classification Keywords: I.2.7 Text analysis

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SPAM AND PHISHING DETECTION IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES

Liana Ermakova

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p02.pdf

Abstract: Starting from the seminal work in 1980s to more recent findings, literature review suggests grammatical priming to be an elusive fenomenon, reliably obtained mostly in a lexical decision task and only rarely in naming task. Prevalent conclusion derived from the aforementioned fact suggests the effects of grammatical priming to be of less importance for online word processing as reflected by naming. However, this goes against intuitive notion of grammatical information being especially valuable in processing richly-inflected, free-word ordered language such as Serbian. The conclusion was challenged in a naming task in which prepositions and personal pronouns were employed to prime target nouns and verbs. We also tested the effect of prime-target asynchrony at 600ms and 250ms intervals, as the variable is known to invertly influence effects of language priming. Delayed naming condition was used to provide a purer estimate of target processing time afforded at the two asynchrony intervals in online naming. Analyses suggest effects of grammatical priming to be both substantial and robust. The facilitation of 22 ms (25 ms at 600 ms asynchrony, 20 ms at 250 ms asynchrony) provided by grammatical information was roughly twice as large as obtained in comparable studies in English. The facilitation effect was not qualified by interaction with SOA and therefore should not be attributed to some major strategic process associated with the longer SOA. We conclude grammatical priming in naming to be possible, at least in case of richly-inflected, free word-ordered language, and more than one word class primed. Online-delayed average latencies difference indicated slightly wider time window for target processing at the shorter asynchrony. The fact requires caution in grammatical priming effects loci interpretation.

Keywords: grammatical priming; word naming.

ACM Classification Keywords: I.2 Artificial Intelligence; I.2.7 Natural Language Processing – Language parsing and understanding.

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GRAMMATICAL PRIMING DOES FACILITATE VISUAL WORD NAMING, AT LEAST IN SERBIAN

Dejan Lalović

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-3-p01.pdf

Abstract: Statistical language models should improve as the size of the n-grams increases from 3 to 5 or higher. However, the number of parameters and calculations, and the storage requirement increase very rapidly if we attempt to store all possible combinations of n-grams. To avoid these problems, the reduced n-grams’ approach previously developed by O’Boyle? 1993 can be applied. A reduced n-gram language model can store an entire corpus’s phrase-history length within feasible storage limits. Another theoretical advantage of reduced n-grams is that they are closer to being semantically complete than traditional models, which include all n-grams. In our experiments, the reduced n-gram Zipf curves are first presented, and compared with conventional n-grams for all Irish, Chinese and English. The reduced n-gram model is then applied for large Irish, Chinese and English corpora. For Irish, we can reduce the model size, compared to the 7-gram traditional model size, with a factor of 15.1 for a 7-million-word Irish corpus while obtaining 41.63% improvement in perplexities; for English, we reduce the model sizes with factors of 14.6 for a 40-million-word corpus and 11.0 for a 500-million-word corpus while obtaining 5.8% and 4.2% perplexity improvements; and for Chinese, we gain a 16.9% perplexity reductions and we reduce the model size by a factor larger than 11.2. This paper is a step towards the modeling of Irish, Chinese and English using semantically complete phrases in an n-gram model.

Keywords: Reduced n-grams, Overlapping n-grams, Weighted average (WA) model, Katz back-off, Zipf’s law.

ACM Classification Keywords: I. Computing Methodologies - I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - I.2.7 Natural Language Processing - Speech recognition and synthesis

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MULTILINGUAL REDUCED N-GRAM MODELS

Tran Thi Thu Van and Le Quan Ha

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-2-p07.pdf

Abstract: In this paper, we further developed the argument-based model of syntactic operations that is argued to represent the key to basic mental representations. This work concentrates on formal descriptions of the observed syntax-semantics dependencies. We briefly review our up do date experimental work designed to test this hypothesis, and offer the results of our most recent experiment. The results of our experiments confirmed that semantic relations between the images in conceptual nets influence syntactic computation. The binding problem that arises when the same noun can be represented either as Subject (ex. The cat chases the mouse) or Object (ex. The mouse chases the cat Introduction ), was successfully resolved.

Keywords: Cognitive Models of Language Phenomena, Formal Models in Language and Cognition, Psycholinguistics and Psycho semantics

ACM Classification Keywords: ACM Classification Keywords: I.2 Artificial Intelligence, 1.2.0. Cognitive simulation

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THE ARGUMENT BASED COMPUTATION: SOLVING THE BINDING PROBLEM

Alona Soschen, Velina Slavova

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-2-p06.pdf

Abstract: This paper centers on argument saturation in relational-noun compounds. We argue that these compounds can be analyzed in terms of conceptual types, as introduced by Löbner 1985, to appear. He distinguishes between sortal, individual, functional, and proper relational concepts. To describe argument saturation in compounding, we use frames in the sense of Barsalou 1992 since frames give a decompositional account of concepts and in particular reflect the conceptual types in their structure. Subsequently, we investigate relational-noun compounds in German as derived from their conceptual types. That is, we analyze in how far the conceptual types of the compound constituents determine the concept type of the compound as a whole. For possessive constructions, Löbner, to appear argues that a construction with a functional head inherits the type of the modifier. We demonstrate that for constructions with a relational head the case is less straightforward: the construction inherits the relational dimension of the modifier and the non-uniqueness from the head noun. However, we show that the combinations for compounds can follow complex compositional rules.

Keywords: word formation, frames, compounds, lexical semantics

ACM Classification Keywords: A.0 General Literature - Conference proceedings Languages, Theory

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A FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF CONCEPT COMPOSITION

Daniel Schulzek, Christian Horn, Tanja Osswald

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-2-p05.pdf

Abstract: The extension to new languages is a well known bottleneck for any text analyzing system. In this paper, a cognitive model of time is proposed and the questions of extracting events and their time characteristics from texts are discussed. The cognitive model of time due to its independence of concrete natural language can be considered as a basis for constructing text mining systems intended for extracting temporary relations.

Keywords: Natural Language Processing, cognitive model, time model.

ACM Classification Keywords: I.2.7. Computing Methodologies - Artificial intelligence - Natural Language Processing

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COGNITIVE MODEL OF TIME AND ANALYSIS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS

Xenia A. Naidenova, Marina I. Garina

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-2-p04.pdf

Abstract: EcoLexicon? is a terminological knowledge base (TKB) on the environment where different types of information converge in a multimodal interface: semantic networks, definitions, contexts and images. It seeks to meet both cognitive and communicative needs of different users, such as translators, technical writers or even environmental experts. According to Meyer et al. 1992, TKBs should reflect conceptual structures in a similar way to how concepts relate in the human mind. From a neurological perspective, Barsalou 2009: 1283 states that a concept produces a wide variety of situated conceptualizations in specific contexts, which clearly determines the type and number of concepts to be related to. The organization of semantic information in the brain should thus underlie any theoretical assumption concerning the retrieval and acquisition of specialized knowledge concepts as well as the design of specialized knowledge resources Faber, 2010. Furthermore, since categorization itself is a dynamic context-dependent process, the representation and acquisition of specialized knowledge should certainly focus on contextual variation. Context includes external factors (situational and cultural) as well as internal cognitive factors, all of which can influence one another House, 2006: 342. This view goes hand in hand with the perception of language as a kind of action, where the meaning of linguistic forms is understood as a function of their use Reimerink et al., 2010. In this paper we briefly describe each module of our resource and explain how EcoLexicon? has been contextualized according to conceptual and terminological information. The conceptual contextualization of different entries in EcoLexicon? has been performed according to role-based domains and contextual domains, whereas terminological contextualization is based on contextual domains and use situations. In this way, context is two-fold, since we account for the referential context of concepts in the real world and users’ own communicative and cognitive context.

Keywords: context, dynamism, reconceptualization, environmental knowledge, TKB.

ACM Classification Keywords: H.5.2 User interfaces – Natural language

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CONTEXT-BASED MODELLING OF SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE1

Pilar León Araúz, Arianne Reimerink, Alejandro G. Aragón

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-2-p03.pdf

Abstract: Conceptual modeling is the activity of formally describing aspects of the physical and social world around us for purposes of understanding and communication. The conceptual modeler thus has to determine what aspects of the real world to include, and exclude, from the model, and at what level of detail to model each aspect Kotiadis and Robinson, 2008. The way that this is done depends on the needs of the potential users or stakeholders, the domain to be modeled, and the objectives to be achieved. A principled set of conceptual modeling techniques are thus a vital necessity in the elaboration of resources that facilitate knowledge acquisition and understanding. In this respect, the design and creation of terminological databases for a specialized knowledge domain is extremely complex since, ideally, the data should be interconnected in a semantic network by means of an explicit set of semantic relations. Nevertheless, despite the acknowledged importance of conceptual organization in terminological resources Puuronen, 1995, Meyer et al., 1997, Pozzi, 1999, Pilke, 2001, conceptual organization does not appear to have an important role in their design. It is a fact that astonishingly few specialized knowledge resources available on Internet contain information regarding the location of concepts in larger knowledge configurations Faber et al., 2006. Such knowledge resources do not take into account the dynamic nature of categorization, concept storage and retrieval, and cognitive processing Louwerse and Jeuniaux, 2010, Aziz-Zadeh and Damasio, 2008, Patterson et al., 2007, Gallese and Lakoff, 2005. Recent theories of cognition reflect the assumption that cognition is typically grounded in multiple ways, e.g. simulations, situated action, and even bodily states. This means that a specialized knowledge resource that facilitates knowledge acquisition should thus provide conceptual contexts or situations in which a concept is conceived as part of a process or event. Since knowledge acquisition and understanding requires simulation, this signifies that horizontal relations defining goal, purpose, affordance, and result of the manipulation and use of an object are just as important, if not more so, than vertical generic-specific and part-whole relations. Within the context of recent theories of cognition, this paper examines the frame-based conceptual modeling principles underlying EcoLexicon?, a multilingual knowledge base of environmental concepts (http://ecolexicon.ugr.es/) Faber et al., 2005, 2006, 2007.

Keywords: conceptual modeling, terminological knowledge base, cognition, specialized knowledge representation

ACM Classification Keywords: J.5 Arts and Humanities – Linguistics

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CONCEPTUAL MODELING IN SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES

Pamela Faber, Antonio San Martín

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-2-p02.pdf

Abstract: In this paper we try to answer the following questions: Why do frequently used words tend to polysemy and homophony? And what comes first - frequency or the higher number of meanings per word? We shall stress the key role of frequency in the emergence of polysemy and assume an interactive step-up initiated by frequency: High frequency not only favors reduction processes of words or the bleaching of meanings that can result in polysemy; it also plays a crucial role in the creation of metaphors or metonymies, i.e., the main sources of polysemy. Only familiar or frequent source words/concepts tend to be used in metaphorical or metonymical expressions. Through the conventionalization of the metaphors and metonymies, the source words get additional meanings. They now can be used in a higher number of contexts what in turn favors a more frequent use. A similar explanation might hold for the development of homophony: Shorter words are known for their tendency to homophony Jespersen, 1933 and high token frequency. Our explanation: High frequency favors backgrounding processes, such as vowel reduction, lenition and deletion of consonants or even of syllables. This frequency-induced shortening of words often results in sound merger and in a relatively high proportion of homophonous words, i.e., words encoding unrelated meanings.

Keywords: frequency, polysemy, homophony, metaphor, metonymy

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FREQUENCY EFFECTS ON THE EMERGENCE OF POLYSEMY AND HOMOPHONY

Gertraud Fenk-Oczlon?, August Fenk

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-2-p01.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents a project, aimed to create an information analytic system to solve the problem of organizing collective work of researchers, supporting their efficient cooperation on one of the topical problems in the sphere of economy – the problem of region’s innovative development. The project supposes a creation of a portal that provides possibilities of publication, search, analysis and cataloging data on stated subject matter, as well as information exchange. In the system there should be presented not only publications, received from different sources, but also work results of the researchers, participating in the project, particularly, suggested models of innovative development of enterprises, economic sectors, regions, quantitative and qualitative assessment of their innovational development level in conditions of, on the one part, integration and on the other – intensification of competition. Special attention in the project is paid to the usage of up-to-date information technologies in conducting researches. The software of the portal includes means of information search in different sources, analytic processing of the information in accordance to developed methods. Access to the portal will be provided for users of different categories (scientists, lecturers, students, specialists in public authorities). The first stage is a creation of a research prototype of the system. Initial filling is expected to be executed on the base of data, issued by project participants (particularly, method of complex assessment of region’s innovative development, which is based on the economic and mathematical methods and models; model of knowledge domain, built on the base of ontology and used for searching and analyzing papers and data; etc.).

Keywords: Innovations; Models of innovative development; Ontology; Intellectual search; Data analytic processing; Web-technologies.

ACM Classification Keywords: H. Information Systems. H.3 Information storage and retrieval: H.3.5 Online Information Services – Web-based services; H.3.6 Library Automation – Large text archives.

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RESEARCH PORTAL “REGIONS’ INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT”

Lyudmila Lyadova, Zhanna Mingaleva, Natalia Frolova

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p09.pdf

Abstract: A novel approach to power reduction in VLSI arrays is proposed. This approach includes recognition of the similarities in architectures and power profiles of different types of arrays, adaptation of methods developed for one on others and component sharing when several arrays are embedded in the same system and mutually operated. Two types of arrays are discussed: Image Sensor pixel arrays and SRAM bitcell arrays. For both types of arrays, architectures and major sources of power consumption are presented and several examples of power reduction techniques are discussed. Similarities between the architectures and power components of the two types of arrays are displayed. A number of peripheral sharing techniques for systems employing both Image Sensors and SRAM arrays are proposed and discussed. Finally, a practical example of a smart image sensor with an embedded memory is given, using an Adaptive Bulk Biasing Control scheme. The peripheral sharing and power saving techniques used in this system are discussed. This example was implemented in a standard 90nm CMOS process and showed a 26% leakage reduction as compared to standard systems.

Keywords: VLSI Arrays, SRAM, Smart Image Sensors, Low Power, AB2C.

ACM Classification Keywords: B.3.1 Semiconductor Memories - SRAM, B.6 Logic Design – Memory Control and Access, B.7 Integrated Circuits – VLSI, E.1 Data Structures – Arrays, I.4.1 Digitization and Image Capture

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LARGE VLSI ARRAYS – POWER AND ARCHITECTURAL PERSPECTIVES

Adam Teman, Orly Yadid-Pecht? and Alexander Fish

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p08.pdf

Abstract: New methods are needed to create integrated circuits which are able to overcome the inherent problems in the miniaturization process. These problems are mainly technological and economical; photolithography is limited and the expensive building respectively. This paper proposes the basis for a new manufacturing process of nanotechnological circuits based on semiconducting carbon nanotubes that work as FET (Field Effect Transistor) and metallic carbon nanotubes that work as nanowires. This process is based on the assembly of DNA tiles and lattices that guide the placement of carbon nanotubes to build electronic circuits. The process takes place in a microfluidic device within its chambers. Building blocks are created based on NAND logic gates. These building blocks are enabled to assemble AND, OR and NOT logic gates. The process of assembling a XOR logic gate is explained, demonstrating how to apply the process in a concrete case.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, DNA lattice, FET, Microfluidic devices, Self-assembly process.

ACM Classification Keywords: B.7.1 Types and Design Styles – Advanced technologies

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SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESS FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS BASED ON CARBON NANOTUBES USING MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES

David Moreno, Sandra Gómez, Paula Cordero

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p07.pdf

Abstract: Bioinformatic and systems biology developments should be accompanied not only by a plethora of computer tools, but also by an in-depth reflection on the distinctive nature of biological information. In this work we attempt a consistent approach to the multiple varieties of information in the living cell by starting out from the conceptualization of molecular recognition phenomena. Subsequently, an elementary approach to the “informational architectures” behind cellular complexity may be chartered. In the interplay of the different informational architectures two cellular subsystems should be highlighted: on the one side the transcriptional regulatory network, and on the other, the cellular signaling system that is in charge of the interrelationship with the environment. The embodiment of functional agents and the peculiar handling of DNA sequences along the evolutionary process will suggest a parallel with the von Neumann scheme of modern computers, including the cellular capability to “rewrite the DNA rules” along ontogenetic development.

Keywords: Molecular recognition, Informational architectures, DNA addresses, Transcriptional regulatory network, Cellular signaling system, von Neumann scheme.

ACM Classification Keywords: D. Software. D.1 Programming Techniques

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VARIETIES OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION: A MOLECULAR RECOGNITION APPROACH TO SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS

Jorge Navarro, Ángel Goñi-Moreno? & Pedro C. Marijuán

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p06.pdf

Abstract: One of the most important objectives of artificial vision is the development of bioinspired and biomimetic robot vision as well as the development of bionic eyes for the blind. Depending on the specific application different eye models can be used but the most ambitious is the development of a human-like eye. However, human eye is extremely complex and if we even design such a visual device the amount of information to process should be computationally intractable. Normally low-resolution image quality and low visual acuity would be sufficient for our purposes, so simpler biological models could represent excellent computational alternatives. In the present communication we propose to use the visual system of the rat and we justify our proposal by proving that this model fits perfectly the requirements of our applications.

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PIGMENTED RAT-BASED VISION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS

Francisco J. Cisneros de los Rios , Isabel Martín Moreno-Cid? , Abel SanchezJimenez? , Juan Castellanos, Fivos Panetsos

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p05.pdf

Abstract: A special quality of discrete tomography problem solutions that requires the ray difference is considered. Two classes of reconstruction tasks of (0,1)-matrices with different rows are studied: matrices with prescribed column and row sums and matrices with prescribed column sums only. Both cases are known as algorithmically open problems. We reformulate them as integer programming problems. Depending on parameters obtained, the Lagrangean relaxation model and then variable splitting technique, or a greedy heuristics approaches are applied for getting approximate solutions. In later case an optimization version is considered, where the objective is to maximize the number of pair-wise different row rays, which in case of existence of a matrix, is equivalent to the requirement of row differences.

Keywords: discrete tomography, (0,1)-matrices, integer programming

ACM Classification Keywords: F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems: Computations on discrete structures

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LINEAR PROGRAM FORM FOR RAY DIFFERENT DISCRETE TOMOGRAPHY

Hasmik Sahakyan, Levon Aslanyan

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p04.pdf

Abstract: Within the membrane computing research field, there are many papers about software simulations and a few about hardware implementations. In both cases, algorithms are implemented. These algorithms implement membrane systems in software and hardware that try to take advantages of massive parallelism. P-systems are parallel and non deterministic systems which simulate membranes behavior when processing information. This papers describes the evolution rules application process and it presents software techniques for calculating maximal multisets on every evolutionary step. These techniques improve the best performance achieved by the p-systems when applying evolution rules. Algorithms could stop being useful when the number of objects “n” in which they depends on, increases. By using this technique, that specific problem can be overcome. The output can be given under a constant complexity order. The complexity order might be constant under certain conditions, regardless the value “n”. In order to do this, the proper use of memory is essential. This work will provide the details for building a structure. This structure will allow us to improve performance in terms of time. Moreover this structure can be allocated in the random access memory and/or the virtual memory

Keywords: P-systems, Parallel systems, Natural Computing, evolution rules application, set of patterns, structure.

ACM Classification Keywords: D.1.m Miscellaneous – Natural Computing

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MEMBRANE COMPUTING: NON DETERMINISTIC TECHNIQUE TO CALCULATE EXTINGUISHED MULTISETS OF OBJECTS.

Alberto Arteta, Angel Castellanos, Ana Martinez

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p03.pdf

Abstract: Natural computing is a whole area where biological processes are simulated to get their advantages for designing new computation models. Among all the different fields that are being developed, membrane computing and, more specifically, P Systems, try to get the most out of the biological cell characteristics and of the chemical processes that take place inside them to model a new computation system. There have been great advances in this field, and there have been developed a lot of works that improved the original one, developing new ideas to get the most of the different algorithms and architectures that could be used for this new model. One of the most difficult areas is the actual implementation of these systems. There are some works that try to implement P Systems by software simulations and there are some more that design systems that implement them by using computer networks or specific hardaware like microcontrollers. All these implementations demonstrate their validity but many of them had the lack of some main characteristics for P Systems. As continuation for some earlier published works, present work pretends to be the exposition of the design for a complete new hardware circuit that may be used to develop a P System for general purpose, complying with the two main characteristics that we consider more important: a high level of parallelism (which does these systems specially indicated to solve NP problems) and the fact that they should be non deterministic.

Keywords: Transition P System, membrane computing, circuit design.

ACM Classification Keywords: D.1.m Miscellaneous – Natural Computing

Link:

IMPLEMENTING TRANSITION P SYSTEMS

Santiago Alonso, Luis Fernández, Víctor Martínez

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p02.pdf

Abstract: Membrane systems are models of computation which are inspired by some basic features of biological membranes. Transition P systems are very simple models. Many hardware and software architectures have been proposed for implementing them. In particular, there are implementations in cluster of processors, in microcontrollers and in specialized hardware. This work proposes an analysis of the P system in order to be able to reduce the execution time of a given evolution step. We present a solution for improving the time of working out the active rules subset of a membrane. This task is critical for the entire evolution process efficiency because it is performed inside each membrane in every evolution step. Therefore, we propose to carry out a static analysis over the P system. The collected information is used for obtaining a decision tree for each membrane. During the execution time of the P system, active rules of a membrane will be determined as a result of a classification problem from the corresponding decision tree. By incorporating decision trees for this task, we will notice some improvements.

Keywords: Decision Tree, ID3, Active Rules, Transition P System

ACM Classification Keywords: I.2.6 Learning – Decision Tree; D.1.m Miscellaneous – Natural Computing

Link:

IMPROVING ACTIVE RULES PERFORMANCE IN NEW P SYSTEM COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURES

Juan Alberto de Frutos, Luis Fernández, Carmen Luengo, Alberto Arteta

http://www.foibg.com/ijitk/ijitk-vol04/ijitk04-1-p01.pdf

Abstract: Parallel ant colony optimization algorithm for solving protein tertiary structure prediction problem given its amino acid sequence is introduced. The efficiency of developed algorithm is studied and the results of computational experiment on the SCIT supercomputer clusters are discussed.

Keywords: combinatorial optimization, protein tertiary structure prediction, ant colony optimization, parallel algorithms, SCIT supercomputer.

Link:

DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE PARALLEL ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING THE PROTEIN TERTIARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION PROBLEM

Leonid Hulianytskyi, Vitalina Rudyk

http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol21/ijita21-04-p09.pdf